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Compare Christmas Island (2002) - Tonga (2001)

Compare Christmas Island (2002) z Tonga (2001)

 Christmas Island (2002)Tonga (2001)
 Christmas IslandTonga
Administrative divisions none (territory of Australia) 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%		 0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916)

15-64 years:
54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082)

65 years and over:
4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products NA squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports 1 (2001) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 135 sq km


land: 135 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
748 sq km

land:
718 sq km

water:
30 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC four times the size of Washington, DC
Background Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA		 revenues:
$49 million

expenditures:
$120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.)
Capital The Settlement Nuku'alofa
Climate tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline 80 km 419 km
Constitution NA 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island


conventional short form: Christmas Island		 conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga

conventional short form:
Tonga

former:
Friendly Islands
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $NA $62 million (1998)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074

consulate(s) general:
San Francisco
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $38.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003. Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 32.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 35 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%		 fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Murray Hill 361 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%


note: no indigenous population (2001)		 Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general


head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia		 chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)

head of government:
Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

note:
there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports $NA $8 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities phosphate squash, fish, vanilla beans
Exports - partners Australia, NZ Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June 1 July - 30 June
Flag description the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%		 agriculture:
30%

industry:
10%

services:
60% (1997)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 10 30 S, 105 40 E 20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)


paved: 30 km


unpaved: 110 km (1999)		 total:
680 km

paved:
184 km

unpaved:
496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $NA $69 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports - commodities consumer goods foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners principally Australia NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.)
Independence none (territory of Australia) 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation none ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force NA 34,000 (FY96/97)
Labor force - by occupation tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995) agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)		 arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
43%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
16% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), Chinese, Malay Tongan, English
Legal system under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law based on English law
Legislative branch unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)


elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9		 unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years		 total population:
68.25 years

male:
65.83 years

female:
70.78 years (2001 est.)
Literacy NA definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English

total population:
98.5%

male:
98.4%

female:
98.7% (1996 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 12 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia -
Military branches - Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday NA Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality noun: Christmas Islander(s)


adjective: Christmas Island		 noun:
Tongan(s)

adjective:
Tongan
Natural hazards the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources phosphate, beaches fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders none Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president]
Political pressure groups and leaders none Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA]
Population 474 (July 2002 est.) 104,227 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate -9% (2002 est.) 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Flying Fish Cove Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios 1,000 (1997) 61,000 (1997)
Railways 24 km to serve phosphate mines 0 km
Religions Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio NA at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: service provided by the Australian network


domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available


international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)		 general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations NA 1 (2001)
Terrain steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 13.3% (FY96/97)
Waterways none none
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